Most importantly, strong capacity in M&E is a prerequisite for ensuring the sustainability of a highly functioning and high-quality health workforce. If human resources (HR) managers do not know how many health workers are employed and at their posts, whether their competencies meet the needs of their catchment populations, and other key information, then health workforces may be understaffed, poorly distributed, unqualified, or imbalanced. If HR managers lack information on what motivates health workers, they cannot offer incentives that persuade them to stay. Understanding patterns in health service and health workforce data can improve decision-making around all aspects of the health worker life cycle